Information Gallery...!: September 2014

Friday, 19 September 2014

Countries and their Currency List

All of you may aware of that currencies of all countries will be vary depending upon their value.

Each country having it's own currency. Lets see the currencies of various countries.

Afghanistan --Afghani

Algeria                   --Dinar
Andorra                 --Euro
Argentina               --Austral
Australia                --Australian dollar
Austria                   --Euro
Bahamas                --Dollar
Bahrain                  --Dinar
Barbados               --Dollar
Belgium                 --Euro
Belize                    --Dollar
Benin                    --Franc
Bolivia                   --Boliviano
Brazil                    --Real
Brunei                   --Dollar
Bulgaria                 --Leva
Cameroon              --Franc
Canada                  --Dollar
Cayman Islands      --Dollar
Central African Rep.--Franc
Chad                     --Franc
Chile                     --Peso
China                    --Yuan
Columbia               --Peso
Congo                   --Franc
Costa Rica             --Colon
Cuba                     --Peso
Cyprus (Greek)      --Euro
Cyprus (Turkish)    --Lira
Czechoslovakia      --Koruna
Denmark               --Krone
Djibouti                 --Franc
Dominican Rep      .--Peso
Ecuador                 --Dollar
Egypt                    --Pound
El Salvador            --Colon
Ethiopia                 --Birr
Fiji                        --Dollar
Finland                  --Euro
France                   --Euro
Gabon --Franc
Gambia                  --Dalasi
Germany               --Euro
Ghana --Cedi
Greece --Euro
Guatemala --Quetzal
Guinea                   --Franc
Guyana                  --Dollar
Haiti                      --Gourde
Honduras               --Lempira
Hong Kong            --Dollar
Hungary                --Forint
Iceland                  --Krona
India                      --Rupee
Indonesia               --Rupiah
Iraq                       --Dinar
Ireland                   --Euro
Israel                     --Shekel
Italy --Euro
Ivory Coast --Franc
Jamaica                 --Dollar
Japan                     --Yen
Jordan --Dinar
Kenya --Shilling
Kuwait                  --Dinar
Lebanon                --Pound
Luxembourg           --Euro
Malawi                  --Kwacha
Malaysia                --Ringgit
Maldives                --Rufiyaa
Malta                     --Euro
Mauritania             --Ouguiya
Mauritius               --Rupee
Mexico                  --Peso
Mongolia               --Tugrik
Montenegro           --Euro
Morocco                --Dirham
Nepal                    --Rupee
Netherlands            --Euro
New Zealand          --Dollar
Nicaragua              --Cordoba
Niger                     --Franc
Norway                 --Krone
Oman                    --riyal-Omani
Pakistan                 --Rupee
Papua New Guinea --Kina
Paraguay               --Guarani
Peru                      --Inti
Philippines             --Peso
Poland                   --Zloty
Portugal                 --Euro
Qatar                     --Riyal
Romania                --Leu
Saudi Arabia          --Riyal
Senegal                  --Franc
Serbia                    --Dinar
Seychelles              --Rupee
Sierra Leone          --Leone
Singapore               --Dollar
Slovakia                 --Koruna
Slovenia                 --Euro
Solomon Islands     --Dollar
Somalia                 --Shilling
South Africa           --Rand
South Korea           --Won
Spain                     --Euro
Sri Lanka               --Rupee
Sudan                    --Dinar
Suriname               --Guilder
Sweden                 --Krona
Switzerland            --Franc
Syria                     --Pound
Taiwan                  --Dollar
Tanzania                --Shilling
Thailand                 --Baht
Togo                    --Franc
Trinidad & Tobago --Dollar
Tunisia                   --Dinar
Turkey                   --Lira
Uganda                  --Shilling
United Arab Emir. --Dirham
United Kingdom     --Pound
United States          --Dollar
Uruguay                --Peso
Venezuela              --Bolivar
Vietnam                 --Dong
Western Samoa      --Tala
Zambia                  --Kwacha
Zimbabwe              --Dollar

- Team Information Gallery...

Wednesday, 17 September 2014

Nations and It's Parliment

Afghanistan — Shoora
Andorra — General Council
Albania — People's Assembly
Azerbaijan — Melli Majlis
Algeria — National People's Assembly
Angola — National People's Assembly
Argentina — National Congress
Australia — Federal Parliament
Austria — National Assembly
Bahamas — General Assembly
Bahrain — Consultative Council
Bangladesh — Jatiya Sansad
Belize — National Assembly
Bhutan — Tshogdu
Bolivia — National Congress
Brazil — National Congress
Brunei — National Assembly
Botswana — National Assembly
Britain — Parliment (House of Common's & House of Lords)
Bulgaria — Narodno Subranie.
Cambodia — National Assembly
Congo Democratic — Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia — Congress
Canada — Parliament
China — National People's Congress
Chile — Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Comoros — Legislative Council and Senate
Costa Rice — Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia — Sabor
Cuba — National Assembly of People's Power
Czech Republic — Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Denmark — Folketing
Ecuador — Natinal Congress
El Salvador — Legislative Assembly
East Timor — Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia — Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt — People's Assembly
Fiji Islands — Senate & House of Representative
France — National Assembly
Finland — Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany — Bundestag(LowerHouse),Bundesrat(UpperHouse)
Guyana — National Assembly
Greece — Chamber of Deputies
Hungary — National Assembly
Iceland — Althing
India — Parliament
Indonesia — People's Consultative Assembly
Iran — Majlis
Iraq — National Assembly
Israel — Knesset
Italy — Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan — Diet
Jordan — National Assembly
Korea(North) — Supreme People's Assembly
Korea(South) — National Assembly
Kuwait — National Assembly
Kenya — National Assembly
Laos — People's Supreme Assembly
Labanon — National Assembly
Lesotho — National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania — Seimas
Luxembourg — Chamber of Deputies
Liberia — National Assembly
Libya — General People's Congress
Malaysia — Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives — Majlis
Madagascar — National People's Assembly
Mongolia — Great People's Khural
Montenegro — Federal Assembly
Mozambique — People's Assembly
Myanmar — Pyithu Hluttaw
Nepal — National Panchayat
Netherlands — The State General
Norway — Storting
New Zealand — Parliament (House of Representative)
Oman — Monarchy
Pakistan — National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay — Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines — The Congress
Papua New Guinea — National Parliament
Poland — Sejm
Romania — Great National Assembly
Russia — Duma & Federal Council
Serbia — Federal Assembly
Senegal — National Assembly
Seychelles — People's Assembly
Somalia — People's Assembly
South Africa — Rep. House of Assembly
Spain — Cortes
Sweden — Riksdag
Saudi Arabia — Majlis Al Shura
Sudan — National Assembly
Switzerland — Federal Assembly
Syria — People's Council
Turkey — Grand National Assembly
Tunisia — National Assembly
USA — Congress
Vietnam — National Assembly
Venezuela — National Congress
Zaire — National Legislative Council
Zambia — National Assembly

Friday, 12 September 2014

வாழ்க்கையின் பய‌னுள்ள 33 குறிப்புகள்

1. பேசும்முன் கேளுங்கள், எழுதும் முன் யோசியுங்கள், செலவழிக்கும் முன் சம்பாதியுங்கள்

2. சில சமயங்களில் இழப்புதான் பெரிய ஆதாயமாக இருக்கும்.

3. யாரிடம் கற்கிறோமோ அவரே ஆசிரியர். கற்றுக்கொடுப்பவரெல்லாம் ஆசிரியர் அல்லர்.

4. நான் மாறும்போது தானும் மாறியும், நான் தலையசைக்கும் போது தானும் தலையசைக்கும் நண்பன் எனக்குத் தேவையில்லை. அதற்கு என் நிழலே போதும்!

5. நோயை விட அச்சமே அதிகம் கொல்லும்!

6. நான் குறித்த நேரத்திற்குக் கால்மணி நேரம் முன்பே சென்று விடுவது வழக்கம். அதுதான் என்னை மனிதனாக்கியது.

7. நம்மிடம் பெரிய தவறுகள் இல்லை எனக் குறிப்பிடுவதற்கே, சிறிய தவறுகளை ஒப்புக்கொள்கிறோம்!

8. வாழ்க்கை என்பது குறைவான தகவல்களை வைத்துக்கொண்டு சரியான முடிவுக்கு வரும் ஒரு கலை.

9. சமையல் சரியாக அமையாவிடில் ஒருநாள் இழப்பு. அறுவடை சிறக்காவிடில் ஒரு ஆண்டு இழப்பு. திருமணம் பொருந்தாவிடில் வாழ்நாளே இழப்பு.

10. முழுமையான மனிதர்கள் இருவர். ஒருவர் இன்னும் பிறக்கவில்லை. மற்றவர் இறந்துவிட்டார்.

11. ஓடுவதில் பயனில்லை. நேரத்தில் புறப்படுங்கள்

12. எல்லோரையும் நேசிப்பது சிரமம். ஆனால் பழகிக்கொள்ளுங்கள்

13. நல்லவர்களோடு நட்பாயிரு. நீயும் நல்லவனாவாய்

14. காரணமே இல்லாமல் கோபம் தோன்றுவதில்லை. ஆனால் காரணம் நல்லதாய் இருப்பதில்லை

15. இவர்கள் ஏன் இப்படி? என்பதை விட, இவர்கள் இப்படித்தான் என எண்ணிக்கொள்

16. யார் சொல்வது சரி என்பதல்ல, எது சரி என்பதே முக்கியம்

17. ஆயிரம் முறை சிந்தியுங்கள். ஒருமுறை முடிவெடுங்கள்

18. பயம்தான் நம்மைப் பயமுறுத்துகிறது. பயத்தை உதறி எறிவோம்

19. நியாயத்தின் பொருட்டு வெளிப்படையாக ஒருவருடன் விவாதிப்பது சிறப்பாகும்

20. உண்மை புறப்பட ஆரம்பிக்கும் முன் பொய் பாதி உலகத்தை வலம் வந்துவிடும்

21. உண்மை தனியாகச் செல்லும். பொய்க்குத்தான் துணை வேண்டும்

22. வாழ்வதும் வாழவிடுவதும் நமது வாழ்க்கைத் தத்துவங்களாக ஆக்கிக்கொள்வோம்.

23. தன்னை ஒருவராலும் ஏமாற்ற முடியாது எனச் செருக்கோடு இருப்பவனே கண்டிப்பாக ஏமாந்து போகிறான்

24. உலகம் ஒரு நாடக மேடை ஒவ்வொருவரும் தம் பங்கை நடிக்கிறார்கள்

25. செய்வதற்கு எப்போதும் வேலை இருக்கவேண்டும் . அப்போது தான் முன்னேற முடியும்

26. அன்பையும் ஆற்றலையும் இடைவிடாது வெளிப்படுத்துகிறவர் ஆர்வத்துடன் பணிபுரிவர்

27. வெற்றி பெற்றபின் தன்னை அடக்கி வைத்துக்கொள்பவன், இரண்டாம் முறையும் வென்ற மனிதனாவான்

28. தோல்வி ஏற்படுவது அடுத்த செயலைக் கவனமாகச் செய் என்பதற்கான எச்சரிக்கை.

29. பிறர் நம்மைச் சமாதானப்படுத்த வேண்டும் என்று எதிர்பார்க்காமல், நாம் பிறரைச் சமாதானப்படுத்த முயற்சிக்க வேண்டும்.

30. கடினமான செயலின் சரியான பெயர்தான் சாதனை. சாதனையின் தவறான விளக்கம் தான் கடினம்

31. ஒன்றைப்பற்றி நிச்சயமாக நம்ப வேண்டுமென்றால் எதையும் சந்தேகத்துடனே துவக்க வேண்டும்

32. சரியானது எது என்று தெரிந்த பிறகும் அதைச் செய்யாமல் இருப்பதற்குப் பெயர்தான் கோழைத்தனம்.

33. ஒரு துளி பேனா மை பத்து இலட்சம் பேரைச் சிந்திக்க வைக்கிறது.

- Team Information Gallery

Ethanol as an Alternate Fuel in Brazil

Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel, and until 2010, the world's largest exporter. Together, Brazil and the United States lead the industrial production of ethanol fuel, accounting together for 87.8 percent of the world's production in 2010, and 87.1 percent in 2011. In 2011 Brazil produced 21.1 billion liters (5.57 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 24.9 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel.

Brazil is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol "the most successful alternative fuel to date." However, some authors consider that the successful Brazilian ethanol model is sustainable only in Brazil due to its advanced agri-industrial technology and its enormous amount of arable land available; while according to other authors it is a solution only for some countries in the tropical zone of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa.

Brazil’s 37-year-old ethanol fuel program is based on the most efficient agricultural technology for sugarcane cultivation in the world, uses modern equipment and cheap sugar cane as feedstock, the residual cane-waste (bagasse) is used to produce heat and power, which results in a very competitive price and also in a high energy balance (output energy/input energy), which varies from 8.3 for average conditions to 10.2 for best practice production. In 2010, the U.S. EPA designated Brazilian sugarcane ethanol as an advanced biofuel due to its 61% reduction of total life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, including direct indirect land use change emissions.

There are no longer any light vehicles in Brazil running on pure gasoline. Since 1976 the government made it mandatory to blend anhydrous ethanol with gasoline, fluctuating between 10% to 22%.[16] and requiring just a minor adjustment on regular gasoline engines. In 1993 the mandatory blend was fixed by law at 22% anhydrous ethanol (E22) by volume in the entire country, but with leeway to the Executive to set different percentages of ethanol within pre-established boundaries. In 2003 these limits were set at a minimum of 20% and a maximum of 25%. Since July 1, 2007 the mandatory blend is 25% of anhydrous ethanol and 75% gasoline or E25 blend. The lower limit was reduced to 18% in April 2011 due to recurring ethanol supply shortages and high prices that take place between harvest seasons.

The Brazilian car manufacturing industry developed flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on any proportion of gasoline (E20-E25 blend) and hydrous ethanol (E100). Introduced in the market in 2003, flex vehicles became a commercial success, reaching a record 92.3% share of all new cars and light vehicle sales for 2009. By December 2009 they represented 39% of Brazil's registered Otto cycle light motor vehicle fleet, and the cumulative production of flexfuel cars and light commercial vehicles reached the milestone of 10 million vehicles in March 2010, and 15.3 million units by March 2012. By mid 2010 there were 70 flex models available in the market manufactured from 11 major carmakers.

The success of "flex" vehicles, together with the mandatory E25 blend throughout the country, allowed ethanol fuel consumption in the country to achieve a 50% market share of the gasoline-powered fleet in February 2008. In terms of energy equivalent, sugarcane ethanol represented 17.6% of the country's total energy consumption by the transport sector in 2008.

Thursday, 11 September 2014

Car Indication Symbols - Useful Collection

Concentrate on Color

For the most part, a symbol in red indicates a potentially serious problem or safety issue. It is also used to indicate an important reminder. Yellow/orange mean something needs to be serviced or repaired soon. If the symbol is flashing, it is truly important that you contact your dealer. A green or blue symbol is for information only, telling you that a system is on or is operating.

We start with the most serious of the symbols and move in a rough descending order of importance. This is somewhat subjective, particularly if you are seeing something you don’t recognize!

Serious of Warning Symbols

If you see any of the following symbols on your dashboard, take no chances. Stop you vehicle immediately and find an authorized repair facility. We start with a text symbol here, because it cannot be ignored in this set as it indicates a brake issue.

Brake Warning Indicators, U.S. and Canada (r),

Engine Coolant Temperature Indicator Symbols,

Engine Oil Level or Oil Pressure Warning Light Symbol,

Engine Oil Sensor and Level Indicators,

Charging System Warning Light Symbols,

Safety and Trouble Indicators & Symbols

If you see any of these next few symbols, contact your dealer as soon as possible. They are sorted in what could be an order of importance. Note the links with additional information.

Master Warning Light,

SRS Air Bag Indicator Symbols,

Side Airbag Off Indicator,

Security and/or Immobilizer Symbols,

Drivetrain or Powertrain Trouble Lights,

Electronic Shift Malfunction,

Transmission Warning Indicator Symbol,

Transmission Temperature Warning,

Power Steering Trouble Light,

Parking Brake Indicators,

Low Brake Fluid Indicator Symbol,

Antilock Brake System Trouble Lights,

Low Brake Pad Warning Light,

Electronically Controlled Brake System Symbol,

Electric Park Brake Fault Indicator,

Automatic Shift Lock (ASL) Indicator Symbol,

Tire Pressure Monitoring System Lights,

Check Engine Light Symbols,

Check Engine Electrical Indicator,

Reduced Engine Power Indicator,

Engine Fault Indicator,

Lambda (Oxygen) Sensor Indicator Symbol,

Check Gas Cap Indicator Symbol,

Message Indicator Symbol,

Owner Manual Indicator Symbol,

Catalytic Converter Warning Symbol,

Low Coolant Lights,

More Low Coolant Lights,

Electronic Throttle Control Indicator Symbol,

Service Reminder Indicators,

Clogged Air Filter Indicator,

Seat Belt Reminder Indicator Symbol,

Second Row Safety Belt Indicator Symbol,

Control Assist System Symbols and Indicators

The latest vehicle advances combine features old, such as Anti-lock Brakes (ABS), and new, like Stability Control, into Assist Systems. They have their own unique symbols and indicators, some of which, unlike ABS, use different terminologies to describe exactly the same thing.

Note that if additional lights, such as the Check Engine and ABS light, are on, they should be addressed first. See our Multiple lights page for more information. Note as well that some specialty systems will also shut down associated advanced systems. Thus, for example, if Low Speed Assist is in use or you have locked the differential for additional traction, Stability Control will be unavailable. Etc.

Traction Control Indicators,

Low Speed and Grade Assist Indicators,

Turn Assist Indicator,

Stability Control Indicators and Symbols

Stability Control Off Indicator(s),

Various Stability Control Off Text Indicators,

Dynamic Stability Control Indicator or Electronic Stability Program,

Brake Assist and Anti-Slip Regulation Fault Indicator,

Slip Indicator and Fault Indicator Symbols,

Advanced Feature Symbols and Indicators

The symbols and indicators in this next group are associated with special and advanced automotive features. What used to be accessories in many cases. The symbols generally are shown on the instrument panel in green when the systems are active. Other symbols are shown when there is a problem with the system, and will be yellow or red.

Power Top Trouble Indicator Symbol,

Keyless Ignition Key Detection Indicators,

More Keyless Ignition Key Detection Indicators,

Frost Warning or Snow Mode Indicator Symbol,

Attention Alert Indicator Symbols,

Distance Warning Indicator Symbol,

Easy Access Indicator Symbol,

Cruise Control Indicator Light,

Cruise Control Indicator Symbol,

Active/Adaptive Cruise Control Indicator Symbols,

Smart Cruise Control Warning Indicator Symbols,

Brake Hold Indicator Symbol,

Suspension Setting Indicator,

Haul (towing) Indicators,

Park Assist Indicator Symbols,

Lane Departure Warning Symbols,

Pre Collision System Indicators,

Blind Spot System Indicators,

Fuel Economy Aid Indicator Symbols

Start/Stop System Function Indicators,

Start/Stop Trouble Indicator,

Economy Operation Indicator,

Economy Mode Indicator,

Up Shift Light Symbols,

Sport Mode Indicator,

4-Wheel and All-Wheel Drive Feature Symbols

All Wheel Drive (AWD) On Mode Indicators,

4 Wheel Drive Indicators,

Differential Lock Indicators,

Rear Differential Lock Indicators,

All-wheel Drive Disabled and Fault Indicators,

Low Speed and Grade Assist Indicator Symbols,

Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Symbols and Indicators

A whole new series of symbols have been created just for the new generation of hybrid vehicles. For the most part, they tell a driver when a particular system is operating and/or in what mode. Remember that a flashing light likely indicates a problem that your dealer should address.

Hybrid or Plug-in Hybrid Battery Trouble Indicators,

EV System Warning Indicator,

High Voltage Battery Charge Level Indicator,

Low Battery Warning Indicator,

Power Limitation Indicator,

Charging Indicator Symbols,

Electric Vehicle (EV) Operation Indicator Symbol,

Hybrid Ready Indicator Symbols,

EV Mode Indicator Symbol,

External Sound System Fault Indicator Symbols,

Diesel-powered Vehicle Symbols

The following are symbols used only in diesel powered vehicles. They vary somewhat by manufacturer but all generally refer to starting and fuel quality and filtration.